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1995-06-12
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Fitt's Law Experimenter
Preface
I wrote this program as an assignment for a graduate course in computer
graphics here at the University of British Columbia. Basically, this
program runs a psychology experiment to see how quickly and accurately
human subjects can select menu items for various types of pop-up menus.
This data can then be used to suggest better types of menu design for user
interfaces, based on human performance.
While the program features an interesting "menu builder" window with some
cool controls, it is my first NeXTSTEP application. Thus, beware of the
programming style and object decomposition. Also, since this really is
just an assignment for a school course, it's a toy. There are probably
a few bugs, too.
This software was written under NeXTSTEP 2.1, and is released to the
public domain.
I can be contacted at:
NeXTMail: bowen!stuart@cs.ubc.ca
ASCII: sritchie@cs.ubc.ca
Snail: Stuart Ritchie
2034 West 35th Ave.
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6M-1H9
What is Fitt's Law?
Fitt's Law describes human motor skill performance.
Many computer users are well associated with graphical user interface
environments. These environments are designed to be friendly to new users
and efficient for experienced ones -- often, these are conflicting goals.
Various experiments have been performed to determing the optimal layout
for user interface menus in terms of human performance. These experiments
break down human performance into various categories, such as perceptual,
cognitive and motor components. Specifically, Fitt's Law predicts that
increasing either the distance to the target or the size of the target causes
the time to acquire the target to increase.
What is this program?
This program allows an experimenter to construct various styles of popup
menus, and conduct trials to collect performance data from human test subjects.
The data collected can be used to compare against Fitt's Law.
Three types of popup menus can be created: stacked horizontal, circular pie
shaped, and circular rectangular shaped. Many geometric aspects of
these menus can be interactively arranged in real-time on NeXTSTEP.
How to use the Fitt's Law Experimenter
1. Start Fitts by double clicking from the Workspace.
Two windows will appear: Experiment Control, and Experiment.
2. Experiment Control is used to manage the experiments. The main feature
in this window is the Menu Field, which displays the current menu based on
settable parameters below. The Menu Type buttons select which type of popup
menu is to be used. Menu Sizing allows the sizing and geometry of the
menus to be changed. General Options allows the number of menu items and
colours to be configured. Finally, Experiment Options configures the
test case manager. Test case results are fed to a file named by the
Experiment ID field.
3. After setting up the menu to an appropriate style, hitting the GO
button will allow the experiment to start.
4. Select the Experiment window.
The Menu View in this window is used to display the popup menu to the
test subject and record their menu selections. Pressing the Ready button
will start the experiment. A square will appear in the center of the Menu
View. Pressing (but don't release) this square will cause the menu to pop
up. Drag the pointer to the highlighted menu item and release the mouse
button. This selecting will continue until the number of specified trials
has been reached.
5. Each of the trials is recorded to a Unix file. This file can be
imported to a graphing package for display and analysis. The file name
for the trial file is specified in the "Experiment ID" field of the
Experiment Control window.
Installation
Just use "make" to build the application. The executable "Fitts"
does not require any auxilliary files or application wrapper.
References:
James Boritz, Kellogg S. Booth, William B. Cowan, "Fitt's Law Studies of
Directional Mouse Movement", Graphics Interface '91.
Fitts, P.M., "The Information Capacity of the Human Motor System in
Controlling the Amplitude of Movement", Journal of Experimental Psychology,
Vol. 47 (1954), No. 6, pp. 381-391.